THE Indian defence budget is 2.29 per cent of its GDP compared to Pakistan`s, which approximately spends 3.13 per cent of its GDP on defence (spending 0.84 per cent more than India). Literacy rate in India is 61 per cent as compared to 49.9 per cent in Pakistan with budget allocation for education being three and 2.76 per cent, respectively.

The rise and fall of nations depend on education and not defence the lesson India seems to have learned well. Our future generation needs books not bombs the lesson we fail to understand.

DR IRFAN ZAFAR
Islamabad