THIS is with reference to the death of some lions in Karachi zoo. The concept of zoo is based on three pillars which are conservation, education and research.

Conditions of zoos in Pakistan are pathetic. Keeping zoo environment conducive for animals is the responsibility of the public and the government. Animals’ psychology tells that they do not like to live in confinement like humans.

Animals must have sufficient space, food, water and a suitable living environment to allow them to exhibit natural behaviour, free from fear and distress.

A poor environment fails to meet the evolutionary and ecological needs of animals in captivity and causes a serious psychological stress. For these reasons, many animals display behaviours and emotional states indicative of psychological trauma and distress. For example, self-inflicted injuries, eating disorders, infanticide, and hyper-aggression.

Teachers and parents can play a significant role by advising children to follow rules of the zoo. For instance, visitors should not climb fences. They should not throw things to get animals’ attention.

They should not feed animals or birds and throw garbage in ponds or fish tanks.

Zoo authorities should have protocols for management, safety, health of animals. These documents would provide the best practice for animal care if directions are followed. Hazard assessments and a greater degree of accountability can also be done in the light of these scientific protocols.

An animal clinic and round-the-clock availability of veterinarians in the zoo must be ensured.

The veterinarian should review and analyse morbidity and mortality of animals on a monthly basis.

The veterinary staff must be aware of the physiology and behaviour of zoo animals which are not taught in most of the veterinary schools in the world.

These animals are ambassadors of wilderness and this is not a role they have chosen, rather we have forced upon them. Zoo authorities have a moral obligation to achieve the most good out of this sad state of affairs.

HABIB HYDER LAGHARI Canada