TOKYO: Bitcoin is not a currency but transactions involving it should be “subject to taxation”, Japan’s government said on Friday, in a move that could pave the way for formal regulations on the troubled virtual unit.

Tokyo also said that banks could not broker Bitcoin transactions or open accounts holding the virtual unit, which launched just five years ago, in an apparent bid to clamp down on the digital currency.

But, as regulators around the world grapple with how to handle Bitcoin, the Japanese statement did not specify if Tokyo would immediately begin cracking down on it, or how it would do so, given the unit’s opaque nature.

Bitcoin “does not fall under the category of a currency” as defined by Japanese law, the government statement said, echoing the views of central banks in other countries.

And “generally speaking it is subject to taxation if it meets conditions laid out in income tax law, corporate tax law and sales tax law, among others”, the statement added.

If Bitcoin transactions were used for money laundering “that would constitute a crime”, it said, adding that “there are no Japanese laws that clearly define Bitcoin”.

“As a matter of common sense, if there are transactions and subsequent gains, it is natural... for the finance ministry to consider how it can impose taxes,” Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga told reporters Friday.

Asked whether Japan would become a global leader on regulating Bitcoin, Suga said: “We are now sorting things out under the current law and mulling what the government can do.”Unlike traditional currencies backed by central banks, Bitcoin is generated by complex chains of interactions among a huge network of computers around the planet.

Its relative anonymity and lack of regulation has been attacked by critics who fear it could be used to finance organised crime or terrorism.

Last week, the spectacular failure of the Japan-based MtGox trading exchange set off alarm bells over Bitcoin, which backers have promoted as a low-cost alternative to fiat currencies such as the US dollar or Japanese yen.

US Federal Reserve head Janet Yellen has said the Fed had no powers over a currency that only exists virtually with no central authority behind it.

Several countries, including Russia and China, have heavily restricted how Bitcoin can be used.

Yellen has said US regulators, including the Treasury, are watching the Bitcoin sector for potential money laundering and other criminal uses of the digital currency.

MtGox, which at one time reportedly processed 80 percent of global Bitcoin transactions, last week sought bankruptcy protection and admitted that it lost half a billion dollars worth of the digital currency.—AFP