SALT LAKE CITY: The decades-long debate about whether same-sex marriage should be allowed in the United States was finally settled on Friday when the US Supreme Court ruled gay and lesbian couples can wed anywhere in the country. A closer look at what it means:

Is this the final word on the issue?

Yes, for all intents and purposes. The states that oppose gay marriage could ask the justices to reconsider, but that’s unlikely. That means June 26, 2015, will be marked in future history books as the moment gay marriage was declared legal across the United States.

What does this mean for the 14 states that still ban gay marriage?

The Southern and Midwestern states must lift their bans and allow gay and lesbian couples to marry. Marriage licences were already being issued on Friday in many of these states. The court gave the losing side roughly three weeks to ask for reconsideration, but some state officials and county clerks are opting to go ahead and begin issuing marriage licences to same-sex couples. The 14 states that had banned gay marriage are Georgia, Ohio, Texas, Arkansas, Michigan, Nebraska, Alabama, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, most of Missouri, North Dakota, South Dakota and Tennessee.

Does anything change in the 36 states and the district of Columbia that already allow gay marriage?

No. The ruling ensures that the wave of lower-court decisions that legalised gay marriage across most of the west and east in the last one and half years stand. The Supreme Court ruling prevents state officials and county clerks from being forced to determine how to deal with thousands of marriages already issued. LGBT advocates and married gay couples celebrated in these states, expressing relief and joy that the movement’s remarkable winning streak in the courts stretched to the end.

Does this mean churches must conduct gay marriages?

No. Religious organisations are exempt from this ruling. They can still make their own decisions about whether clergy will conduct gay marriages in their places of worship. Southern Baptists, Mormons and other conservative churches that believe God intended marriage to be a union only between a man and a woman said the ruling won’t change their decisions not to allow same-sex marriages in their churches. Some religions already allow gay marriage, such as the United Church of Christ, and more could follow. Episcopalians are set to decide next week at an assembly in Salt Lake City whether to change church laws so religious weddings can be performed for same-sex couples.

Were the justices unanimous in their decision?

No. The ruling narrowly passed 5-4. Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote the majority opinion, joined by the court’s four more liberal justices, saying the stories of the people asking for the right to marry “reveal that they seek not to denigrate marriage but rather to live their lives, or honor their spouses’ memory, joined by its bond”. The four dissenting justices each filed a separate opinion explaining his views, but they all agreed that states and their voters should have been left with the power to decide who can marry. “This court is not a legislature. Whether same-sex marriage is a good idea should be of no concern to us,” Chief Justice John Roberts wrote.

What does the American public think about gay marriage?

Nearly half of Americans favour laws allowing gay and lesbian couples to wed in their own states, while just over a third are opposed, according to an Associated Press-GfK poll in April. Other recent polls have found even higher support for same-sex marriage. For example, a Pew Research Center poll conducted in May found that 57 per cent of Americans support allowing gays and lesbians to marry legally, while a Gallup poll also conducted in May found 60 per cent say those marriages should be legally recognised.

How many same-sex couples are already married?

There are an estimated 390,000 married same-sex couples in the United States, according to the University of California, Los Angeles’ Williams Institute, which tracks the demographics of gay and lesbian Americans. Another 70,000 couples living in states that do not currently permit them to wed would get married in the next three years, the institute says. Roughly one million same-sex couples, married and unmarried, live together in the United States, the institute says.

How did conservative groups that oppose gay marriage react to the ruling?

With frustration. The Sutherland Institute in Utah said the decision shows a growing opinion among government and “other elites” that adult interests are more important than the well-being of children, who they believe are much better off raised by opposite-sex couples. Another Utah group called the Eagle Forum declared in a statement that the justices “voted today to destroy our American culture”.—AP

Published in Dawn, June 28th, 2015

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