Kurdish forces in northeastern Syria left several positions along the long border with Turkey on Thursday, complying with a deal that sees Damascus, Ankara and Moscow carve up their now-defunct autonomous region.

Russian forces have started patrols along the flashpoint border, filling the vacuum left by a US troop withdrawal that effectively handed back a third of the country to the Moscow-backed regime of President Bashar al-Assad.

US President Donald Trump has praised the agreement reached in Sochi by Turkey and Russia and rejoiced that US personnel were leaving the “long blood-stained sand” of Syria, leaving just a residual contingent behind “where they have the oil”.

The deal signed in the Black Sea resort by Syria's two main foreign brokers gives Kurdish forces until Tuesday to withdraw to a line 30 kilometres (19 miles) from the border.

The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported that the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces had pulled out of some areas at the eastern end of the border on Thursday.

“The SDF have withdrawn from positions between Derbasiyeh and Amuda in the Hasakeh countryside,” Britain-based war monitor's head, Rami Abdel Rahman, said.

Fighters of the Kurdish People's Protection Units (YPG) — the main component of the SDF — remained in many positions along the 440 kilometres (275 mile) border, he added.

The Observatory also reported clashes near the town of Tal Tamr between SDF fighters and some of the Syrian former rebels backed by Turkey to fight ground battles.

Displacement

Russian and Syrian government forces were deploying across the Kurdish heartland where they are tasked with assisting “the removal of YPG elements and their weapons”.

Kurdish forces had already vacated a 120-kilometre segment of the border strip — an Arab-majority area between the towns of Ras al-Ain and Tal Abyad.

The SDF withdrawal from that area came after Turkey and its Syrian proxies launched their deadly cross-border offensive on October 9.

Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, who is embattled on the domestic political front, hopes to use the pocket to resettle at least half of the 3.6 million Syrian refugees his country hosts.

Under the Sochi deal, the area will remain under the full control of Turkey, unlike the rest of the projected buffer zone which will eventually be jointly patrolled by Turkey and Russia.

Some 300,000 people have fled their homes since the start of the Turkish offensive and the Kurds among them seem unlikely to return.

US forces pulled back from the border area earlier this month, in a move the Kurds saw as a betrayal but which Trump had announced last year.

The autonomous Kurdish administration in Syria had hoped that the sacrifices made in the name of the international community to help crush the militant Islamic State (IS) group's “caliphate” would pay off. But Trump has been keen to keep a promise to remove his troops from Syria, where the IS's “caliphate” was eliminated in March but where conflict continues.

“Let someone else fight over this long blood-stained sand,” he said in a White House speech on Wednesday.

Oil wells

That “someone” is undoubtedly Russia, whose status as the main foreign power in Syria is now undisputed, to Assad's great benefit.

“Assad is getting back a third of Syria's territory without firing a shot,” geographer and Syria specialist Fabrice Balanche said.

Some US forces remain in eastern districts of Syria, where government forces have been deploying but have not yet re-established full control.

“We have secured the oil and, therefore, a small number of US troops will remain in the area where they have the oil,” Trump said on Wednesday.

The government is keen to reclaim the northeast, which is home to the country's main oilfields and some of its most fertile farmland.

Left in the lurch by the US redeployment, the Kurdish forces seemed to retain some faith in Washington, which still has a huge military presence elsewhere in the Middle East.

Trump said SDF chief Mazloum Abdi was “extremely thankful” but the Kurds now have to negotiate their future with the area's new Russian masters. In a phone call with Russia's defence minister and military chief on Wednesday, Abdi thanked Moscow for “defusing the war in our region and sparing civilians its scourge,” the SDF said.