Steroid drug hailed as 'major breakthrough' in Covid-19 as trial shows it saves lives

Published June 16, 2020
Packages of Dexamethasone are displayed in a pharmacy in Omaha, Nebraska, US. Researchers in England said on Tuesday they have the first evidence that the drug can improve Covid-19 survival. The cheap, widely available steroid reduced deaths by up to one-third in severely ill hospitalised patients. — AP
Packages of Dexamethasone are displayed in a pharmacy in Omaha, Nebraska, US. Researchers in England said on Tuesday they have the first evidence that the drug can improve Covid-19 survival. The cheap, widely available steroid reduced deaths by up to one-third in severely ill hospitalised patients. — AP

The steroid dexamethasone was shown on Tuesday to be the first drug to significantly reduce the risk of death among severe Covid-19 cases, in trial results hailed as a "major breakthrough" in the fight against the disease.

Researchers led by a team from the University of Oxford administered the widely-available drug to more than 2,000 severely ill Covid-19 patients.

Among those who could only breathe with the help of a ventilator, dexamethasone reduced deaths by one-third, and by one-fifth in other patients receiving oxygen only, according to preliminary results.

Normally used to treat a range of allergic reactions as well as rheumatoid arthritis and asthma, dexamethasone is an anti-inflammatory drug.

Daily doses of the steroid could prevent one-in-eight intubated patient deaths and save one out of every 25 patients requiring oxygen alone, the team said.

The trial, carried out by the RECOVERY research group that is searching for effective Covid-19 treatments, included a control group of 4,000 patients who did not receive the drug.

"Dexamethasone is the first drug to be shown to improve survival in Covid-19. This is an extremely welcome result," said Peter Horby, professor of Emerging Infectious Diseases in the Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford.

"Dexamethasone is inexpensive, on the shelf, and can be used immediately to save lives worldwide."

Britain's Health Secretary Matt Hancock said the country's patients would start to receive the drug immediately.

Hancock said that the British government had started stockpiling dexamethasone back in March after preliminary trials showed "early signs" of the drug's potential.

'Remarkable' potential

The trial results are particularly promising as around 40 per cent of Covid-19 patients who require a ventilator end up dying, often because of the body's uncontrolled inflammatory response to the virus.

For those receiving the new treatment, the mortality rate dropped to less than 30pc.

"This is a major breakthrough; dexamethasone is the first and only drug that has made a significant difference to patient mortality for Covid-19," said Nick Cammack, Covid-19 therapeutics accelerator lead at the Wellcome Trust health charity.

"Potentially preventing one death in every eight ventilated patients would be remarkable."

The trial showed dexamethasone to be ineffective in treating patients with milder forms of Covid-19, however.

A number of existing drugs have been trialled as a treatment against the novel coronavirus, with mixed results.

Trials of treatment of the anti-arthritis drug hydroxychloroquine were halted in several countries after a major study in The Lancet medical journal suggested it showed no benefit among Covid-19 patients and even increased the risk of death.

That study has since been retracted due to inconsistencies in the data, but others have come to the same conclusion.

Remdesivir, an anti-viral that appears to reduce the length of treatment in some patients, is already being used in Britain, but one study in April showed it had "no significant clinical benefit".

The fact that an existing, cheap and largely side-effect free medication has been shown to be effective in severe Covid-19 cases is "of tremendous importance", according to Stephen Griffin, associate professor in the School of Medicine, University of Leeds.

"There is [now] realistic scope for further improving the clinical management of this devastating disease," said Griffin, who was not involved in the study.

Cammack said that in light of the study results, dexamethasone "must now be rolled out and accessed by thousands of critically ill patients around the world."

Opinion

Editorial

Kurram atrocity
Updated 22 Nov, 2024

Kurram atrocity

It would be a monumental mistake for the state to continue ignoring the violence in Kurram.
Persistent grip
22 Nov, 2024

Persistent grip

An audit of polio funds at federal and provincial levels is sorely needed, with obstacles hindering eradication efforts targeted.
Green transport
22 Nov, 2024

Green transport

THE government has taken a commendable step by announcing a New Energy Vehicle policy aiming to ensure that by 2030,...
Military option
Updated 21 Nov, 2024

Military option

While restoring peace is essential, addressing Balochistan’s socioeconomic deprivation is equally important.
HIV/AIDS disaster
21 Nov, 2024

HIV/AIDS disaster

A TORTUROUS sense of déjà vu is attached to the latest health fiasco at Multan’s Nishtar Hospital. The largest...
Dubious pardon
21 Nov, 2024

Dubious pardon

IT is disturbing how a crime as grave as custodial death has culminated in an out-of-court ‘settlement’. The...