Pakistan, as well as Bangladesh, is rationing gas and buyers across South Asia are seeking alternative fuels after spot liquefied natural gas (LNG) prices surged to record highs, government and industry officials told Reuters.

Spot LNG prices have nearly tripled since early November as freezing temperatures across North Asia boosted demand and depleted inventories. Since July, prices are up a dizzying 1,000 per cent.

Gas-fired power plants and industries across the region are scrimping on gas, with the scramble for other fuels driving up demand for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and residue oil.

Pakistan, which is more reliant on spot LNG imports for its winter needs, is limiting gas use for industry to certain hours and industry executives have warned the situation has become critical.

The recent power blackout, which plunged the entire country into darkness, was partly caused by a gas shortage after buyers who snapped up record-cheap LNG earlier in the year balked at paying up during the recent price surge.

“The current gas crisis being faced by the industry includes disconnection of gas supply to industries as well as low gas pressure,” said Saleemuz Zaman, president of the Trade and Industry Association of Karachi.

Sui Southern Gas Company (SSGC) said in a letter to industry associations that it faces an “emergency situation” and pegged the daily supply gap at about 200 million cubic feet.

Earlier this month, Dawn had reported that the SSGC had informed all industrial associations regarding closure of gas to captive power units of all non-export general industries in a letter sent on the last day of the year 2020.

The utility said “it is facing acute shortage of gas supplies from different fields and around 150mmcfd gas is being short supplied during this winter as compared to last year". The report stated that SSGC had to curtail captive power units of general industries (non-export) from middle of December to end of January 2021.

The company asked industrialists, who fall in this category, to switchover all their power generation units on alternative fuel or meet the requirement of electricity through general grid.

Meanwhile in Bangladesh, the government has cut gas supplies to power plants due to lower electricity demand during winter, while maintaining steady gas flows to industries, a senior official at the state-run Petrobangla said.

Import tenders cancelled

Soaring prices have led to cancelled orders from state-owned buyers Indian Oil Corp, Pakistan LNG and Bangladesh's Rupantarita Prakritik Gas Co.

“LNG prices have gone crazy [...] For the last few tenders, we didn't get any response from suppliers,” said Rafiqul Islam, general manager at Rupantarita Prakritik.

“We are continuing our efforts to buy from the spot market [...] But it is very unlikely to get competitive prices in this highly volatile market,” he said.

Reliance Industries, operator of the biggest refining complex in western India, has almost halted LNG imports and switched to cheaper alternatives, industry sources said. Reliance did not respond to a Reuters request for comment.

South Asia has been a critical growth market for LNG, with imports by India, Pakistan and Bangladesh climbing 8pc in 2020 to a record 50.48 billion cubic metres (BCM) despite the coronavirus pandemic's hammering of the region's economies, according to Refinitiv ship-tracking data.

That growth rate was second only to China's 11.5pc expansion in LNG imports in 2020.

Alternatives sought

Tile makers from Morbi, the hub of the ceramic industry in India, have sought permission from local authorities to switch to alternative fuels such as LPG, Morbi Ceramics Associations wrote in a letter to officials on January 9.

“Fuel is a significant input cost for us, accounting for 30pc of the total production cost,” it said. India's fuel oil consumption has also increased after gas prices spiked.

“Whatever fuel oil we are producing is getting consumed here. We have not been able to build inventory of furnace oil,” said an official at refiner Bharat Petroleum Corp who declined to be named. “Situation is completely different from what it was after COVID-19 outbreak [...] No one can afford LNG at this rate.”

India could see two or three cargoes less in February and March than it normally would, said E.S. Ranganathan, head of marketing at India's largest gas transmitter GAIL (India) Ltd.

He however expects the impact on supplies to customers to be minimal. GAIL is due to receive 32 cargoes this year under its long term deal with Gazprom compared to 24 last year, he added.