BEIJING: China successfully launched the final module of its Tiangong space station on Monday, state media said, inching closer to its completion by the end of the year and a landmark moment in the country’s space ambitions.

Tiangong is one of the crown jewels in Beijing’s well-funded programme — which has landed robotic rovers on Mars and the Moon, and made the country only the third to put humans in orbit — as it looks to catch up with major spacefaring powers like the United States and Russia.

China has been excluded from the International Space Station (ISS) since 2011, when Washington banned NASA from engaging with Beijing.

Tiangong’s completion would signal “China is now an equal player in space with the United States, Russia and Europe”, analyst Chen Lan said.

“In terms of scientific and commercial aspects, it is always good to see new players coming... Competition will always speed up innovation,” he added.

The module, named Mengtian — or “dreaming of the heavens” — was launched on a Long March 5B rocket from the Wenchang launch centre on China’s tropical island Hainan, state broadcaster CCTV reported.

Amateur photographers and space enthusiasts watched the launch, which took place at 3:27 pm local time, from a nearby beach.

About 10 minutes in, the event was declared a “complete success” by Deng Hongqin, commander of the Wenchang launch site.

“Based on the flight data from the Long March 5B... carrier rocket and the solid calculations of the Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Centre, the Mengtian experimental module of the space station has accurately entered the predetermined orbit and the working conditions are normal,” Deng said.

“I now declare this launch a complete success,” he added, as mission staff stood up to congratulate each other.

Over the past two years, China has successfully sent up the Tianhe core module, three manned spacecraft, the Wentian lab module and several cargo spacecraft to build Tiangong.

Mengtian is the third and final major component of the T-shaped space station, and is almost 18 metres (60 feet) long, weighing 23 metric tonnes (50,700 pounds). It carries scientific equipment that will be used to study microgravity and carry out experiments in fluid physics, materials science, combustion science and fundamental physics, the China Manned Space Agency said. It is also carrying “the world’s first space-based cold atomic clock system”, Xinhua reported.

“If successful, the cold atomic clocks will form the most precise time and frequency system in space, which should not lose one second in hundreds of millions of years,” Zhang Wei, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said.

Published in Dawn, November 1st, 2022