ISLAMABAD: The District Health Office has advised the public to take precautions to prevent the spread of dengue fever, a mosquito-borne viral disease endemic to the region.

According to an advisory, dengue fever poses significant public health concern in Islamabad with cases reported throughout the year, especially during the monsoon season.

The incidence of dengue fever is typically higher in densely populated areas with inadequate sanitation and limited access to healthcare. Early prevention and prompt treatment are crucial to prevent severe outcomes.

“Dengue fever is primarily transmitted through the bites of infected Aedes mosquitoes which thrive in warm, humid environments and breed in stagnant water. To effectively prevent the spread of dengue, it is important to adopt a proactive approach and incorporate daily surveillance routines around houses,” it stated.

The health office has recommended to the public to eliminate breeding sites daily, regularly inspecting surroundings and eliminating any potential mosquito breeding sites.

It has also suggested removing or emptying out stagnant water sources such as discarded containers, tyres, flower pots and other receptacles that can collect rainwater.

“Pay special attention to areas where water tends to accumulate such as roof gutters, drains and outdoor containers. Properly dispose of solid waste promptly and in designated waste disposal areas. Avoid leaving trash or garbage exposed as they can accumulate water and serve as breeding grounds for mosquitoes. Clean drainages and water channels to ensure they are free from blockages or stagnant water.

“This will help minimise mosquito breeding and reduce the risk of dengue transmission. Use mosquito repellents on exposed skin surfaces, especially during outdoor activities,” it suggested.

It has further advised people to utilise bed nets and protective clothing while sleeping particularly if people live in an area with a high mosquito population.

“When spending time outdoors, wear long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and socks to minimise skin exposure to mosquito bites,” it stated.

District Health Officer Dr Zaeem Zia has warned that the current season posed an increased risk of dengue transmission due to heavy rainfall and potential flooding, creating additional breeding sites for mosquitoes.

“Therefore, it is of utmost importance to remain vigilant and take necessary precautions throughout the year to prevent the spread of dengue fever,” he said.

“If you experience symptoms of dengue fever, seek immediate medical attention. Safety and health of people is our top priority,” he said.

The most common symptoms of dengue are high-grade fever accompanied by joint and muscular aches. There is no vaccine or specific treatment for dengue but early detection and proper medical care can lower mortality. Otherwise the disease may turn into a life-threatening haemorrhagic fever which may lead to bleeding and dangerously low blood pressure. Rapid and unplanned urbanisation, lack of sanitation and climate change are contributing to the surge in dengue infections.

In Islamabad dengue season usually starts in March. Pakistan has experienced many outbreaks of dengue since 1994 with major outbreaks reported in 2005, 2011 and 2019. Around 6,000 cases of dengue with 52 deaths were reported from Karachi in 2005, over 21,000 cases with 350 deaths from Lahore in 2011 and 50,000 cases with 79 deaths in 2019 from across the country.

Published in Dawn, March 13th, 2024