AS we today commemorate another March 23, a day marking the Lahore Resolution of 1940 and the formal adoption of our inaugural Constitution in 1956, it is imperative to engage in a candid reflection. This introspection demands that we confront the gap between the ideals we cherish and the realities we confront.

The Lahore Resolution, a response to the apprehensions of Muslims facing political and cultural marginalisation in a predominantly Hindu India, called for the establishment of independent Muslim-majority states. Rooted in the two-nation theory, this call delineated Hindus and Muslims as two distinct nations with unique cultural, religious, and histo- rical backgrounds.

Nevertheless, as we observe Pakistan Day today, we must earnestly assess how close, or far, we are from the vision of a cohesive nation that was envisaged by the founding fathers, like the Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah and Nawabzada Liaquat Ali Khan (who can be seen in the accompanying picture coming to the historic Lahore venue together in 1940). Regrettably, the answer, substantiated by empirical evidence, is alarming. Political instability, marked by periods of military rule, has impeded the evolution of a robust democratic framework. The pursuit of social justice, a cornerstone of the Pakistan Movement, remains elusive.

According to the Asian Development Bank (ADB), 24.1 per cent of Pakistanis live below the national poverty line. Ethnic and sectarian tensions persist, fuelled by perceptions of political and economic disenfranchisement across various regions. A 2023 report by the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP) underscores the challenges faced by religious minorities that continuously endure discrimination and violence despite constitutional safeguards.

Our journey, however, has not been devoid of glimmers of hope. The National Action Plan (NAP), a necessary response to the horrors of terrorism, acknowledges the perils of extremism and its destructive potential. Initiatives such as the Benazir Income Support Programme (BISP) attempt to alleviate the crushing burden of poverty for millions. Yet, these efforts, commendable as they are, seem like mere sutures on gaping wounds.

The core problems lie deeper, rooted in a systemic lack of robust institutions and a pervasive culture of political exclusivity. We have not nurtured strong, independent institutions — judiciary, media and civil service — that can act as impartial guardians of the Constitution, and ensure a level playing field for all.

Besides, political participation remains limited, with a winner-take-all mentality, leaving vast segments of the population feeling marginalised and unheard. The current political climate, rife with wide polarisation, only exacerbates this sense of alienation.

Looking outwards, we can find some relevant examples in Muslim-majority nations that have successfully navigated similar complexities. Malaysia, for instance, has fostered a vibrant national identity by celebrating its rich tapestry of ethnicities and religions. Affirmative action policies as well as a particular focus on inclusive economic development have ensured a sense of shared prosperity and opportunity for all Malaysians.

Indonesia has successfully managed a diverse society with over 17,000 islands and hundreds of ethnic groups. Decentra-lisation efforts have empowered local communities, while a strong focus on education and religious tolerance has helped it foster national unity. Further-more, Senegal has demonstrated that Islam and democracy can coexist and flourish. Its vibrant civil society and focus on interfaith dialogue contribute to a more inclusive sense of nationhood.

These nations serve as a testament to the possibility of reconciling Islamic principles with democratic values and fostering a sense of national belonging across the board.

Pakistan Day presents an opportune moment for national recalibration. We must bridge the chasms that threaten to fragment our nation. It is a summons to revisit our founding principles — unity in diversity, Islamic ideals harmonised with democratic ethos, and equitable social justice for all. By fortifying institutions, nurturing political pluralism, and redressing the brewing grievances of the marginalised communities, we can move towards a Pakistan that authentically embodies the aspirations outlined in the Lahore Resolution. Let us not merely commemorate Pakistan Day. Let us all leverage it as a catalyst to construct a fairer, more inclusive and cohesive nation — a nation that realises the dreams of its founding fathers and inspires the nation and the generations to come.

Majid Burfat
Karachi

Published in Dawn, March 23rd, 2024