MOGADISHU The Somali militants who formed the hardline terror group al-Shabab carried out their first suicide attack in 2006, during the height of violence in Iraq. The world hardly noticed.
This week al-Shabab become the worlds newest international terror group, after claiming twin blasts in Ugandas capital Kampala during the World Cup final that killed 76 people.
Ugandan officials on Tuesday showed off an unexploded suicide belt, suggesting the militants had hoped for a third explosion and more carnage.
Ugandan officials arrested five people and hinted that Somali nationals were among those detained.
The FBI and US Homeland Security Department warned in an assessment distributed to law enforcement personnel that if al-Shabab - the youth in Arabic - is responsible for the Ugandan blasts, it could mean the group can attack in the US.
The fact that the al-Qaeda-linked group carried out attacks far from its base in Mogadishu does not bode well for other neighbouring countries, said Frank van Rooyen, a researcher at the South African Institute of International Affairs.
One can expect them to start carrying out further terror attacks there, van Rooyen said.
The 2006 suicide bombing targeted former Somali president Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, and was carried out by former members of the Islamic Courts Union, a Somali opposition group that attempted to restore order in Somalia after nearly two decades of lawlessness after warlords overthrew long-time dictator Siad Barre in 1991.
But the ICUs attempts at governance failed, and the group later gave rise to al-Shabab.
Members of the ICU included top religious leaders and even Somalias current president, Sheik Sharif Sheik Ahmed.
But a year after the Islamic Court Unions emergence, what initially appeared to be benign support for Islam turned into a radical interpretation of the religion, akin to the harsh brand practiced by Afghanistans Taliban regime.
The ICU splintered, and the conservative militant wing gained power, forming al-Shabab.
The group was a member of the Islamic Courts Union but it had always their hidden very extreme agenda.
They were concentrating on trainings and arming themselves, said Sheik Ahmed Siyad, a former ICU member.
Al-Shabab battles African Union and Somali forces in the streets of Mogadishu daily, in an effort to topple Somalias weak, UN-backed administration.
Those attacks often miss their military targets and the crossfire kills scores of civilians, a reason al-Shabab cited in trying to justify the Ugandan attacks.
The group hopes to install its conservative reading of Islam in Somalia. Music would be banned. Official punishments would include amputations and stonings.
Over the last two years, foreign fighters numbering in the low hundreds with experience in Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iraq have joined al-Shabab, according to international officials, raising the groups level of militant expertise.
Somali-Americans have been recruited and taken part in suicide bombings.
Al-Shabab members began pledging allegiance to al-Qaeda last year.
And one of its most famous members is known as Abu Mansour al-Amriki, or the American. He appeared in a jihadist video in May 2009.
But the group has long been on Americas radar.
One of the groups first top leaders, Aden Hashi Ayro, was killed in a US airstrike in 2008.
Last September, a US commando raid in rural southern Somalia killed Saleh Ali Saleh Nabhan, wanted for the 2002 car bombing of a beach resort in Kenya and an attempt to shoot down an Israeli airliner.
A Somali government intelligence official estimated al-Shababs strength at between 3,000 and 7,000.
The official, who asked not to be identified because of his job, said foreign fighters and young Somali recruits continue to swell the groups ranks.
In Washington, an intelligence analysis dated Monday and obtained by The Associated Press on Tuesday said that US citizens aligned with al-Shabab could return to the United States, possibly to carry out acts of violence”.
Intelligence officials have previously considered the al-Qaeda affiliated group a threat to the US. In 2007 and 2008, about 20 Somali-American men were recruited and left the Minneapolis area to join al-Shabab.
Al-Shababs leader is Ahmed Abdi Mohamed Godane, who is best known as Abu Zubayr, a native of the breakaway region of Somaliland who once worked as an accountant with a telecommunications company.
His group controls most of southern and central Somalia, including wide swaths of Mogadishu, the capital.
Sheik Ali Mohamud Rage, al-Shababs spokesman, warned Monday that more attacks could be aimed at Uganda and Burundi, two countries with troops deployed to Mogadishu as part of the African Union peacekeeping force there.
Analysts say Ethiopia, Kenya and Djibouti could also face attacks.
The head of Kenyas anti-terrorism police, Nicholas Kamwende, said security forces have been put on high alert. An official in Burundi said the government has increased security.
"The government is taking the threats from al-Shabab very seriously and it is taking more preventative measures to curb any attack," said Gervais Abayeho, an official in the Burundian presidents office.
The US branded al-Shabab a terrorist organization in 2008, more than a year after Ethiopia sent troops into Somalia and touched off an extremist and nationalist insurgency that still rages.
Kamwende cited Fazul Abdullah Mohammed, who is wanted by the US for the 1998 US embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania and who is believed to be hiding in Somalia, as one of the top suspected al-Qaeda members giving support to al-Shabab. - AP
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