Based on the results we've received so far, some key points to be made:

• NA-131 Lahore, previously won by PTI (Imran Khan) seems primed to go over tothe PML-N (Saad Rafique). This isn't particularly surprising, givenImran Khan's margin of victory on that seat in the July 25 election was a wafer-thin 0.36pc.Saad Rafique had barely lost that election.
  
  
• NA-35 Bannu, previously won by PTI (also by Imran Khan), now seemsprimed to go to the MMA (Zahid Akram Durrani). This is, again, notsurprising considering that the PTI chairman himself had managed towin with a margin of only 2.84pc in the July 25 election. Zahid AkramDurrani's father, Akram Khan Durrani, had been the runner up in thatcontest, getting over 106,000 votes.
  
  
• In NA-124 Lahore, Shahid Khaqan Abbasi of the PML-N has handed athumping defeat to PTI's Ghulam Mohiuddin Dewan. Again, this is notsurprising, since this seat was vacated by another PML-N supremo,Hamza Shehbaz Sharif. Hamza had won this seat by a thumping margin of25.24pc in the July 25 general election, signalling that the PML-Nenjoys heavy support in this constituency.
  
  
• NA-60 Rawalpindi is proving to be a real nail-biter. The PTIcandidate, Shaikh Rashid Shafiq, is ahead by only a hundred or sovotes against his rival, the PML-N's Sajjad Khan. This is asurprising result, given that NA-60 is Shaikh Rashid Shafiq's uncle'shome ground. His uncle is none other than the Awami Muslim League'sShaikh Rashid. This was expected to be an easy fight for the PTI, butit seems it will go down to the wire. One reason for the tight race might be the local PTI leadership's unhappiness with Shafiq's nomination for the seat.
  
  
• Similarly, NA-56 Attock, where the PTI's Tahir Sadiq had won by acomfortable margin of 16pc of total votes cast in that constituencyon July 25, has swung strongly to the PML-N this time. The PML-N'scontender in both contests, Malik Sohail, clearly enjoys strong localbacking, having received 99,404 (July 25) and 103,257 votes (October14) in the two contests. He also seems to have successfully mobilisedhis voters compared to the PTI, as is evident from a higher votecount than the general election. This is a surprising feat,considering turnout is generally much lower in by-polls.
  
  
• NA-69 Gujrat will, as expected, go to the PML-Q's Moonis Elahi.Moonis's father, Chaudhry Pervez Elahi, had swept the July 25election for this seat with a comfortable 33.5pc margin of victory.The seat is a stronghold for the PML-Q, and it was expected that itwould be retained.
  
  
• Likewise, NA-243 Karachi and NA-53 Islamabad have returned,as was expected, to the PTI. The PTI had won these constituencies with marginsof 41pc and 27.5pc of total votes cast in the July 25 election, respectively. It clearly has a strong vote bank in these areas.
  
  
• NA-63 Rawalpindi and NA-65 Chakwal have been comfortablyretained by the PTI and PML-Q, respectively. Both were expected to betough fights, but the PTI seems to have mobilised a healthy number ofworkers in Rawalpindi, and the PML-Q seems to have benefited from thePML-N's withdrawal of its candidate from the Chakwal seat.

The last word: Although the voter turnout was understandably lower than the general election (it usually is the case in by-polls), the PTI has experienced a much larger decline in voter turnout than its rival parties in some key constituencies.

This could be due to various factors, including but not limited to: a drop in PTI supporters' enthusiasm level; a lack of voter mobilisation by PTI candidates; a renewed wave of support for the opposition; some voters switching parties; and so on.

At this stage and without additional information, it is impossible to pin the reason down to any one factor; however, it is clear that the PTI has reasons to worry.

All analysis is based on unofficial, preliminary results. Please note that the count is still ongoing and final results may be different.