This monument by the last Mughal king, along with his famous Urdu poetry, are the final direct cultural products of the remarkable empire.
Zafar’s ghazals, as well as the modestly grand summer palace he built to shelter what he thought would be his final resting place, symbolise the tension between nostalgia for a golden past and the profound sense of its loss already available to its last legatee and agent.
These images of the monument and three translations from his Urdu ghazals reflect upon Zafar’s acute awareness of his lack of power in the affairs of the state as only a titular head, but also his extreme prowess as a poet king at the zenith of the advanced cultural landscape of his time.
I wish you had made me the master of royals, Or made my crown the bowl for alms and betrayals.
You should have made me mad, crazy only for you, Why did you make me wise, capable of denials?
You made me poor, fit only for sifting through dust, And I wish the dust of her feet were my trials.
If you made me intoxicated with love, Why did you make the measure of life small vials?
A wretched heart torn a hundred times over lives, To be the shoulder to rest her hair is my desire.
If I were not worthy to be with the Sufis, Could have been good for the company of drunks, defiant?
If you wished to burn me by parting from the pourer, Should have made me the lamp of the tavern’s foyer.
The fire of beauty was not unveiled in the garden, Or the bulbul too would have been made a moth on fire.
This incessant world is a vile place, O Zafar, Its cities should have been desolate and dire.
yā mujhe afsar-e-shāhāna banāyā hotā yā mirā taaj gadāyāna banāyā hotā
apnā dīvāna banāyā mujhe hotā tū ne kyuuñ ḳhirad-mand banāyā na banāyā hotā
ḳhāksārī ke liye garche banāyā thā mujhe kaash ḳhāk-e-dar-e-jānāna banāyā hotā
nashsha-e-ishq kā gar zarf diyā thā mujh ko umr kā tañg na paimāna banāyā hotā
dil-e-sad-chāk banāyā to balā se lekin zulf-e-mushkīñ kā tire shāna banāyā hotā
sūfiyoñ ke jo na thā lā.eq-e-sohbat to mujhe qābil-e-jalsa-e-rindāna banāyā hotā
thā jalānā hī agar dūri-e-sāqī se mujhe to charāġh-e-dar-e-mai-ḳhāna banāyā hotā
shola-e-husn chaman meñ na dikhāyā us ne varna bulbul ko bhī parvāna banāyā hotā
roz māmūra-e-duniyā meñ ḳharābī hai “zafar” aisī bastī ko to vīrāna banāyā hotā
***
The heart is asunder, singed to a kebab, This love has been the disaster of my life.
My murder rests good on you, don’t worry, You have found grace, I am away from strife.
“Enamoured” one day, “mad” on another, Each day I was given new names, new life.
Why should I not drink my blood in envy? When today, with my rival they wine.
The goblet’s lips kissed yours in ecstasy, My victory was to bite into mine.
For you, I wandered streets with tearful eyes, Setting my heart on you was misery.
We have washed your street with a storm of tears, Our begging bowl of a cap is now empty.
Without replies now, this is what we found, That the messenger is our sole reply.
Had asked for your picture to console my heart, Looking at it I am more uneasy.
Your tyranny — boundless, day of reck’ning —one, I wonder how the account is compiled.
Zafar, change the refrain, recite that ghazal, Of which each verse is your picked poetry.
jigar ke TukḌe hue jal ke dil kabāb huā ye ishq jaan ko mere koī azaab huā
kiyā jo qatl mujhe tum ne ḳhuub kaam kiyā ki maiñ azaab se chhūTā tumheñ savāb huā
kabhī to shefta us ne kahā kabhī shaidā ġharaz ki roz nayā ik mujhe ḳhitāb huā
piyūñ na rashk se ḳhuuñ kyūñki dam-ba-dam apnā ki saath ġhair ke vo aaj ham-sharāb huā
tumhāre lab ke lab-e-jām ne liye bose lab apne kaaTā kiyā maiñ na kāmyāb huā
galī galī tirī ḳhātir phirā ba-chashm-e-pur-āb lagā ke tujh se dil apnā bahut ḳharāb huā
tirī galī meñ bahā.e phire hai sail-e-sarishk hamārā kāsa-e-sar kyā huā habāb huā
javāb-e-ḳhat ke na likhne se ye huā mālūm ki aaj se hameñ ai nāma-bar javāb huā
mañgā.ī thī tirī tasvīr dil kī taskīñ ko mujhe to dekhte hī aur iztirāb huā
sitam tumhāre bahut aur din hisāb kā ek mujhe hai soch ye hī kis tarah hisāb huā
“zafar” badal ke radīf aur tū ġhazal vo sunā ki jis kā tujh se har ik sher intiḳhāb huā
***
I am the sinner’s fault, somewhat, Your devotee, O God, somewhat.
I do not understand whole or part, In my heart, I know not all, somewhat.
I remain loyal to you, Faithful I am, faithless – somewhat.
Since I do not meet any other, With him I have communion – somewhat.
The intoxication of love has given me flight, In bliss, I fly some things, somewhat.
My dreams lie in wakefulness, I see visions better there, somewhat.
I may not be anyone, yet, Don’t ask — I am what I am – somewhat.
Let them think me their humble servant, I am the dust of the road, of the feet – somewhat.
I have got the blessed eye of faith, O Zafar, from something I have moved to somewhat.
maiñ huuñ aasī ki pur-ḳhatā kuchh huuñ terā banda huuñ ai ḳhudā kuchh huuñ
juzv o kul ko nahīñ samajhtā maiñ dil meñ thoḌā sā jāntā kuchh huuñ
tujh se ulfat nibāhtā huuñ maiñ bā-vafā huuñ ki bevafā kuchh huuñ
jab se nā-āshnā huuñ maiñ sab se tab kahīñ us se āshnā kuchh huuñ
nashsha-e-ishq le uḌā hai mujhe ab maze meñ uḌā rahā kuchh huuñ
ḳhvāb merā hai ain bedārī maiñ to us meñ bhī dekhtā kuchh huuñ
garche kuchh bhī nahīñ huuñ maiñ lekin us pe bhī kuchh na pūchho kyā kuchh huuñ
samjhe vo apnā ḳhāksār mujhe ḳhāk-e-rah huuñ ki ḳhāk-e-pā kuchh huuñ
chashm-e-altāf faḳhr-e-dīñ se huuñ ai “zafar” kuchh se ho gayā kuchh huuñ