WASHINGTON: US Vice President Kamala Harris and former president Donald Trump are hurtling toward their Nov 5 election showdown, one of the closest contests in modern American history.

And in the handful of critical states framing the 2024 race, there is little daylight between the rivals with barely a week before election day.

According to the US constitution, each of the 50 states would hold its own vote for president. Under the complex electoral college system, each state has a certain number of “electors”, based on population. Most states have a winner-take-all system that awards all electors to whoever wins the popular vote.

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With candidates needing 270 of the 538 electoral votes to win, elections tend to be decided in the hotly contested “swing states” with a history of alternating between Republican and Democratic candidates.

This year, there are seven such battlegrounds, and every one is a toss-up within the margin of error.

Pennsylvania

Having 19 electoral college votes, Pennsylvania was once reliably Democratic, but these days, they don’t come much tighter than the Keystone State.

Republican Trump won the most populous battleground, with 13 million residents, by 0.7 percentage points in 2016. Joe Biden claimed it by 1.2 percentage points in 2020.

Known for its “Rust Belt” cities like Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania has been blighted for decades by the steady decline of its industrial manufacturing base.

Trump and Harris have campaigned repeatedly in the state, where the pair held their one and only presidential debate. Trump, who survived an assassination attempt at a July rally in Pennsylvania, is courting the rural white population and warning that migrants are overwhelming small towns.

Harris is touting recent infrastructure wins, and in Pittsburgh, she outlined plans to invest $100 billion in manufacturing, a key issue for state residents.

Georgia

With 16 electoral college votes, Georgia was an election flashpoint at the end of Trump’s first term, where Trump was indicted in an election interference case after he called state officials urging them to “find” enough votes to overturn Biden’s narrow 2020 victory.

But in a boost for Trump, the case is paused until after the election.

Biden was the first Democrat to win the Peach State since 1992.

North Carolina

With 16 votes, the southeastern state has voted Democratic only once since 1980, but Harris believes it’s back in play.

The population, now over 10 million, is expanding and growing more diverse, benefiting Democrats.

As in neighbouring Georgia, one wild card is how the devastation from storm Helene, which recently laid waste to towns in western North Carolina, might impact the vote.

Michigan

Trump flipped Michigan, having 15 electoral college votes, a former Democratic stronghold, on his way to defeating Hillary Clinton in 2016.

Biden returned it to the blue column in 2020, buoyed by unionized workers and a large Black community. But this time, Harris risks losing the support of a 200,000-strong Arab-American community that has denounced Biden’s handling of the Gaza crisis.

Arizona

The Grand Canyon state, with 11 electoral votes, was among 2020’s tightest races, with Biden triumphing by just 10,457 votes.

Trump hopes frustrations over the Biden administration’s immigration policy will swing Arizona, which shares a border with Mexico, back in his favour. Harris visited Arizona’s border in September vowing to crack down on migration and work on reviving last year’s bipartisan border bill.

Wisconsin

Clinton lost Wisconsin, which has 10 electoral college votes, after giving the state a wide berth during the 2016 campaign. Trump considers it winnable, and his party held its summer national convention there. While Trump led early against Biden, Harris has made the state race a nail-biter.

Nevada

Holding six votes, this Silver State, with a population of 3.1 million, hasn’t voted Republican since 2004, though conservatives, buoyed by Trump’s headway with Hispanic voters, are convinced they can flip the script.

Trump held a significant lead here against Biden. But within weeks of becoming the Democratic nominee, Harris while promoting her economic plans to help small businesses and combat inflation erased that advantage in the western state, whose largest city Las Vegas is dominated by the hospitality industry.

Published in Dawn, October 29th, 2024