NEW DELHI: Acclaimed British author Salman Rushdie cancelled a film promotional event and veteran Indian actor Kamal Haasan threatened to go into exile Wednesday after Muslim groups protested their work.

In the eastern city of Kolkata, Rushdie, whose 1988 book “The Satanic Verses” remains banned in India for allegedly insulting Islam, was forced to cancel a trip to promote a film of his novel “Midnight's Children”.

TV footage showed about a hundred people from various Muslim groups gathered outside the Kolkata airport on Wednesday morning to protest his planned visit.

Haasan said he could leave the country after his new film “Vishwaroopam”was forced out of cinemas by the government in the southern state of Tamil Nadu for allegedly depicting Muslims in a negative light.

The latest incidents come amid growing concern about artistic expression and free speech in India.

Haasan said he was “fed up” by the controversy over his film and would seek to live in another country just like India's acclaimed painter M.F. Hussain who was targeted by Hindu hardliners and fled the country in 2006.

“I will find, hopefully, another country which is secular that might take me in M.F. Hussain had to do it, now Haasan will do it,” he said at a press conference in Chennai, the capital of Tamil Nadu.

Rushdie, whose stay in India has been shrouded in secrecy due to threats to his life, spent a decade in hiding after Iranian spiritual leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini issued a fatwa in 1989 calling for his death.

Last year, Rushdie was forced to withdraw from a literary festival in the northwestern Indian city of Jaipur in January after death threats and angry protests from Islamists.

On Tuesday, Indian academic Ashis Nandy saw a police complaint filed against him for reportedly saying that some of India's most disadvantaged groups were the “most corrupt”.

A cartoonist was last year charged with sedition and arrested over a private complaint about his work depicting widescale corruption in government ranks and the society.

He was released only after an outcry from freedom of expression campaigners.

 Indian state defends film ban amid free speech fears

 The southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu on Thursday defended its ban on a new film by veteran actor Kamal Haasan, which has renewed fears over freedom of artistic expression in the country.

Spy thriller “Vishwaroopam” was forced out of cinemas after Muslim groups complained that they were portrayed in a negative light, leading Haasan - who directed and co-produced the film - to threaten to go into exile.

Tamil Nadu's Chief Minister Jayalalithaa Jayaram said her government was forced to impose the 15-day ban to prevent unrest across the state, because there was “every apprehension” that protests outside cinemas would turn violent.

“When you know that there's going to be violence in a certain situation, in a certain place, it's the duty of the government to do whatever is possible to prevent that happening,” the former actress told reporters in Chennai.

She said the state did not have enough police to maintain law and order outside more than 500 cinemas that were due to show the movie.

Haasan, who is due in Mumbai on Friday for the film's release there, has reportedly agreed to modify his movie to appease the protesting groups.

“If the leaders of the Muslim organisations and Mr Kamal Haasan can sit together and work out an amicable agreement, the government of Tamil Nadu will do everything possible to facilitate that,” Jayaram said.

The ban comes in the same week that British author Salman Rushdie also faced the wrath of Muslim groups, forcing him to cancel a trip to the eastern city of Kolkata to promote the film “Midnight's Children”.

Rushdie, whose novel “The Satanic Verses” is seen as blasphemous by some Muslims, was also forced out of India's biggest literature festival last year after apparent threats to his life.

The latest controversies have sparked a fresh round of concern over free speech in India.

Author Manu Joseph wrote on Thursday that the country “is a paradise for those who take offence because the first reaction of the state is to appease those who claim to have been offended”.

An editorial in the Mid Day tabloid, decrying a “herd mentality”, said that “more and more people are joining in to stifle any kind of expression perceived as offensive” without even seeing the film or reading the book in question.

Indian film stars have rallied around Haasan since the ban on his film, which has already passed the country's censorship board.

“Go stand outside the cinema hall (and) insist on seeing the film,”Bollywood megastar Salman Khan told his huge following on Twitter on Thursday. Another leading actor, Shah Rukh Khan, said it was “the most unfortunate thing to happen to a film”.

India's Information and Broadcasting Minister Manish Tiwari told NDTV that each case was different, but state governments “need to lean in favour of freedom of speech and expression” even amid law and order fears.